3. How to use the SOFTA-o: behavioural indicators and rating scale guidelines.

Explaining the Training Manual guidelines for making inferences about the strength of the four underlying dimensions (Engagement in the Therapeutic Process, Emotional Connection with the Therapist, Safety within the Therapeutic System, and Shared Sense of Purpose within the Family) from observations of the clients' and therapist's behaviours. A validated list of behavioural indicators of alliance is offered for each of the four SOFTA dimensions. Based on the kind, frequency, intensity, and clinical meaningfulness of the observed indicators in a given session, each dimension is then scored on an ordinal 7-point scale, ranging from -3 (extremely problematic) to +3 (extremely strong). To aid this process, trainees will be shown how to use the software version of the observational measure (e-SOFTA). This computer program allows the evaluator to complete the rating scales for each SOFTA dimension based on observed alliance-related behaviour and also to record qualitative comments while making those observations. Trainees will also be shown how to use the software program's time stamps to locate specific segments of the video and re-play them for analysis.