Why are the measures in both English and Spanish?

Because the SOFTA project evolved from a collaboration of Spanish (Escudero) and United States (Friedlander and Heatherington) family therapy researchers, nurtured by a Spain-U.S. exchange program in family interventions and counseling psychology for graduate students. As a product of this collaboration, the SOFTA model and instruments were created simultaneously in English and Spanish (called Sistema de Observación de la Alianza en Terapia Familiar). For example, the SOFTA-o was originally written in English and translated into Spanish, whereas the opposite process was undertaken for the SOFTA-s, but in each step of their development process, the items, operational definitions, and training manual were translated and back-translated to ensure accuracy. Similarly, reliability and validation studies were conducted in both North America and Spain, obtaining highly congruent results. Additionally a French version of the SOFTA-s is available on this website.